THE PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE EVIDENTIAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVES,ANDREW STUMER,OXFORD AND PORTLAND

1 (p1): 1. THE PRESUMPTION BEFORE THE HUMAN RIGHTS ACT
1 (p1-1): A. History of the Presumption of Innocence
8 (p1-2): B. Burden of Proof
9 (p1-2-1): 1. Persuasive Burdens
16 (p1-2-2): 2. Evidential Burdens
19 (p1-3): C. Standard of Proof
22 (p1-4): D. Impact of the HRA
26 (p1-5): E. Conclusion
27 (p2): 2. RATIONALE FOR THE PRESUMPTION
27 (p2-1): A. Two rationales for the Presumption
28 (p2-1-1): 1. Protecting the Innocent
37 (p2-1-2): 2. Promoting the Rule of Law
40 (p2-2): B. Limitation of the Presumption
41 (p2-2-1): 1. Limitation of Rights
43 (p2-2-2): 2. Threat of Serious Crime
48 (p2-2-3): 3. When the Rationale is Attenuated
51 (p2-3): C. Conclusion
52 (p3): 3. SCOPE OF THE PRESUMPTION
53 (p3-1): A. Substantive Approach
54 (p3-1-1): 1. Rejection in the English Cases
57 (p3-1-2): 2. Case for a Substantive Approach
65 (p3-1-3): 3. Other Constraints on Unfair Offences
68 (p3-2): B. Narrow ProceduralApproach
68 (p3-2-1): 1. Confusion in the English Cases
73 (p3-2-2): 2. Case for a Narrow Procedural Approach
82 (p3-3): C. Broad Procedural Approach
83 (p3-3-1): 1. Greater Power includes the Lesser
84 (p3-3-2): 2. Risk of More Strict Liability Offences
87 (p3-4): D. Conclusion
88 (p4): 4. THE PRESUMPTION IN STRASBOURG
89 (p4-1): A. The Content of the Presumption
90 (p4-1-1): 1. Official Decisions Reflecting Guilt
92 (p4-1-2): 2. Burden of Proof
98 (p4-1-3): 3. Presumptions Confined within Reasonable Limits
102 (p4-1-4): 4. Article 6(2) and Substantive Law
107 (p4-2): B. Limitation of Article 6 Rights
107 (p4-2-1): 1. Community Interest Under Article 6(2)
109 (p4-2-2): 2. Community Interest and Other Article 6 Rights
118 (p4-3): C. Conclusion
119 (p5): 5. PROPORTIONALITY AND THE PRESUMPTION
120 (p5-1): A. Confusion in the English Cases
121 (p5-1-1): 1. Necessity Approach
124 (p5-1-2): 2. Balance Approach
127 (p5-1-3): 3. A 'Difference of Emphasis'
132 (p5-2): B. The Nature of the Proportionality Inquiry
134 (p5-2-1): 1. Legitimate Objective
136 (p5-2-2): 2.…